篇一:《英语四级翻译句子的常用技巧》
英语四级翻译句子的常用技巧
四级句子翻译的常用技巧
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为"树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林"，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为"枝干分明的竹林"，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。
现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学 英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例1、例
2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例4、例5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
一、
I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达
例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)
例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)
例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。
译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)
II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达
例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)
例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)
例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。
译文：Such actions couldn't long escape notice. (句子)
III.特殊的否定句式
例7：有利必有弊。
译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)
例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)
二、
分句、合句法
很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
I.分句法
汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子：
例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)
译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)
译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.
例4. 我们的政策是实行"一个国家，两种制度"，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)
译文： We are pursuing a policy of "one country with two systems." More specifically, this means that within the People's Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)
译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
II.合句法
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同，尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但是从句套从句，短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言，一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子，因此，我们在做汉译英的时候，常常把汉语的两个句子，甚至更多句子，合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子：
例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)
译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.
例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)
译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
英语四级翻译之倒装句精练
1. 她不仅学习刻苦，而且很有礼貌。
2. 树下坐着的人，是我见过的最高大的人之一。
3. 只是过了一年，我就开始看到我工作的成绩。
4. 该组织没有违反规章，但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。
5. 几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问题的严重性。
6. 打算离婚的父母没有很好地培养孩子应对将要到来的危机的能力，他们也没有向孩子们作出很有必要的保证：会有人照顾你们的。
7. 虽然他聪明机智，也觉得解决这个问题很难。
8. 至于计算机化的影响，没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看到其成果。
9. 要不是来自政府的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。
10. 只有当研究者获得充分的数据，他们才能得出一个正确的结论。
【参考答案】
1. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very polite.
2. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
3. Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.
4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.
5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific
illiteracy among Chinese citizens.
6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepare their children for the ing crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath.
7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.
8. As for the influence of puterization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank.
9. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our pany would not be thriving as it is.
10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they e to a sound conclusion.
英语四级综合完形填空
总体来说，本次完形填空题目具有以下特点：
第一，本次新四级考题难度总体适中，但是仔细分析会发现部分题目难度呈现两极分化的趋势。
有些题目，如67题：{四级翻译句子常见翻译句子类型}.
The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle,and waits __67__ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep„
A beside B near C for D around
这一题实际上就是考一个十分简单的固定搭配wait for sb. to do sth., 基本上是一道送分的题目，但是不排除有考生一看到选项中的四个介词就习惯性地产生恐惧心理，因为不够自信而无法确定答案。再如74题：
Being roused during a light phase __74_ you are more likely to wake up energetic.
篇二:《四级翻译句子及答案》
Translation
1. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found he had (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English。2If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary (就不会被大雨淋了)。 2. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重)。 3. (很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular。 4. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)。 5. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案)。 6. (大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children。 7. You’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷)。
8. Through the project ,many people received training and (决定自己创业)。 9. The anti-virus agent was not known(知道一名医生偶然发现了它)。
10. Our effort will pay off if the results of this research . (能用于新技术的开发) 11. I can’t boot my puter now. (一定出了毛病)with its operation system. 12. Leaving one job, ,(不管是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring 13. (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 14. (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 15. （多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully. 16. In my sixties, one change I notice is that （我比以前更容易累了） 17. I am going to pursue this course, （无论我要做出怎么样的牺牲） 18. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because. (它更加方便和省时)。 19. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life （是用他们能借多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn. 20. Recently more and more attention has been （集中在环境问题上） 21. （有效控制传染）in the hospital, nurses and patients must cooperate. 22. （他刚结束演说）when the audience st
arted cheering. 23. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on （是否能与人相处融洽）. 24. The professor and his lecture （报纸上提到的）caused heated discussion among us.
25. 有效措施就可以防止一些人)abusing their power and enjoying special priv
ileges。 26. He wears a pair of sunglass 唯恐被别人认出来)
27. The traditional approach 处理复杂问题)is break them down into more easily managed things。 28. On formal occasion， Chinese people 用鞠躬来表示对别人的尊敬，日本人也是如此)。
29. I view the occasion as a good thing，我们能从中吸取教训)。 30. (一个总被批评且感觉做什么都错的孩)may have a difficult time developing socially 31. He gave orders that (热情款待这些客人)
32. Neither my friends nor I (能说服他接受我们的建议) 33. (我从新西兰一回国就) I bought a house and went to live there。
34. Don’t waste your time on anyone (那些不愿在你身上花时间的人)。 35. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活) 36. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) 37. 本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time 38. Some psychologist claim that people ) 39. The nation’s population continues to rise 以每年1200万人的速度)。 40. The matter was so serious that I (除了报警，别无选择)。
41. Last week the boy and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday， (尽情地唱歌跳舞)。 42. She (对我们的警告充耳不闻)and made a serious mistake in the end。 43. The traffic police blamed the driver that he (本不该开车这么快)。 44. It is raining cats and dogs outside，so I (宁愿在家里看电视，也不愿意出去)。
45. Having spent some time in the city， he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路) 46. (为了挣钱供我上学)，mother often takes on more work than is good for her。
47. The professor require that (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday。
48. Though a skilled worker，(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis。 49. The more you explain，(我越糊涂)。 50. According to the regulations of our factory， (与你的工作时间成正比)。 51. 考虑到他目前的经济待遇)，finally he didn’t go abroad。
52. The reason why I left that pany is that my boss always (挑剔我做事的方式)。 53. (他抱怨食物)but he also refused to pay for it。 54. During the interview，the popular singer (拒绝对那个谣言发表评论)。 55. The student can hardly speak simple English , (更不用说写英语文章了) 56. Almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all works connected with his own subject, . (更不用说大量阅读自己学科以外的东西了)
57. 对我们的警告充耳不闻and got lost
58. That Canadian speaks Chinese 和他们说
英语一样
59. Tony来否 does not matter much. We can
rely on ourselves.
60. On hearing the news, I 忍不住笑起来 and
spread it among the class.
61. Not until Alice had a baby of her own 她才了解 how hard
it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her own.
62. The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is 我无法用语言来描述
63. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, 尽情地唱歌跳舞
64. Why is she looking at me 像是她认识我似的？I’ve
never seen her before in my life.
65. Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment 以便实验能顺利进行
66. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest 触
犯他。
67. (你再怎么有经验)learn new technology 68. Due to cultural difference, (他们的关系在开始遇到了一些困难)。 69. Jinling Hotel, where I stayed during my first visit to Nanjing, 座落在 on Hanzhong Road.
70. I am sure we can solve the problem if we all 集思广益
71. Mary constantly 挑剔 her husband, which annoys him 72. It is no good waiting for the bus, 我们不防走回家吧
73. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now 现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍 74. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back 主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的
75. Mo